Kemalism sets the boundaries of the social process in the Turkish Reformation. Kemalism is a modernization philosophy which guided the transition between the multi-religious, multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire to the secular, unitary Republic of Turkey. 3.3 External interpretations of Kemalism.3.2 Kemalism and Turkey's constitutional law.3.1 Kemalism and Turkey's political parties.2.3.2 Politics and religion (Secularism).
Mustafa kemal free#
After the demise of the Ottoman Empire, Atatürk, influenced by both the Young Ottomans and the Young Turks, as well as by their successes and failures, led the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, borrowing from the earlier movements' ideas of secularism and Turkish nationalism, while bringing about, for the first time, free education and other reforms that have been enshrined by later leaders into guidelines for governing Turkey. In the early 20th century, the Young Turks abandoned Ottoman nationalism in favor of early Turkish nationalism, while adopting a secular political outlook. The mid-century Young Ottomans attempted to create the ideology of Ottoman nationalism, or Ottomanism, to quell the rising ethnic nationalism in the Empire and introduce limited democracy for the first time while maintaining Islamist influences. Many of the root ideas of Kemalism began during the late Ottoman Empire under various reforms to avoid the imminent collapse of the Empire, beginning chiefly in the early 19th-century Tanzimat reforms. Kemalism, as it was implemented by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural and religious reforms designed to separate the new Turkish state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a modernized lifestyle, including the establishment of secularism, and state support of the sciences and free education, many of which were first introduced to Turkey during Atatürk's presidency in his reforms. Kemalism ( Turkish: Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm ), also known as Atatürkism ( Turkish: Atatürkçülük, Atatürkçü düşünce), or The Six Arrows ( Turkish: Altı Ok), is the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey.
0 kommentar(er)
